Although the article is not quite explicit about it, it seems that the final clue was detected by the Italian, Avogardo, (see Atomic Theory article) in the form of his observation that the volume of a gas is independent of its mass, and is, instead, a function of the number of molecules it contains.
But, is this the final clue? Now I'm not so sure. It did provide conclussive evidence regarding the relative mass of different atoms. How do we know, though, how many atoms are in a given amount of an element?
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